自定义控件介绍#
一个可点击的按钮#
import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
in-out property <int> counter: 0;
VerticalBox {
button := Button {
text: "Button, pressed " + root.counter + " times";
clicked => {
root.counter += 1;
}
}
}
}
在第一个示例中,您可以看到 Slint 语言的基础知识:
我们使用
import
语句从标准库中导入VerticalBox
布局和Button
小部件。此语句可以导入小部件或您在不同文件中声明的自定义组件。您不需要导入内置元素,例如Window
或Rectangle
。我们使用
component
关键字声明Recipe
组件。Recipe
继承自Window
,并具有元素:一个布局(VerticalBox
)和一个按钮。您可以使用名称后跟一对大括号(可选内容)来实例化元素。您可以使用
:=
为特定元素分配名称。元素具有属性。使用
:
来设置属性值。在这里,我们分配了一个绑定,该绑定通过连接一些字符串文字和counter
属性来计算字符串,并将counter
属性分配给Button
的text
属性。您可以使用
property <...>
为任何元素声明自定义属性。属性需要具有类型,可以具有默认值和访问说明符。访问说明符(例如private
、in
、out
或in-out
)定义了外部元素如何与该属性交互。Private
是默认值,并阻止任何外部元素访问该属性。在此示例中,counter
属性是自定义的。元素还可以具有回调。在这种情况下,我们使用
=> { ... }
将回调处理程序分配给button
的clicked
回调。如果绑定依赖的任何属性发生更改,则属性绑定会自动重新计算。按钮的
text
绑定在counter
更改时自动重新计算。
在本机代码中响应按钮点击#
此示例使用本机代码增加 counter
:
import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
in-out property <int> counter: 0;
callback button-pressed <=> button.clicked;
VerticalBox {
button := Button {
text: "Button, pressed " + root.counter + " times";
}
}
}
<=>
语法将两个回调绑定在一起。在这里,新的 button-pressed
回调绑定到 button.clicked
。
主组件的根元素将所有非 private
属性和回调公开给本机代码。
在 Slint 中,-
和 _
在所有标识符中都是等效的。这在本机代码中是不同的:大多数编程语言禁止在标识符中使用 -
,因此 -
会替换为 _
。
Rust 代码
由于技术原因,此示例在 slint!
宏中使用 import {Recipe}
。在实际代码中,您可以将整个 Slint 代码放在 slint!
宏中,或者与构建脚本一起使用外部 .slint
文件。
slint::slint!(import { Recipe } from "docs/reference/src/recipes/button_native.slint";);
fn main() {
let recipe = Recipe::new().unwrap();
let recipe_weak = recipe.as_weak();
recipe.on_button_pressed(move || {
let recipe = recipe_weak.upgrade().unwrap();
let mut value = recipe.get_counter();
value = value + 1;
recipe.set_counter(value);
});
recipe.run().unwrap();
}
Slint编译器为Recipe
组件的根元素生成一个struct Recipe
,其中包含每个可访问属性的getter(get_counter
)和setter(set_counter
)。它还为每个可访问回调生成一个函数,在这种情况下为on_button_pressed
。
Recipe
结构实现了[slint::ComponentHandle
] trait。组件管理强引用和弱引用计数,类似于Rc
。我们调用as_weak
函数来获取对组件的弱引用,我们可以将其移动到回调中。
我们不能在这里使用强引用,因为这将形成一个循环:组件句柄拥有回调的所有权,回调本身拥有闭包的捕获变量的所有权。
C++ 代码
在 C++ 中,你可以这样写#include "button_native.h"
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
auto recipe = Recipe::create();
recipe->on_button_pressed([&]() {
auto value = recipe->get_counter();
value += 1;
recipe->set_counter(value);
});
recipe->run();
}
CMake 集成会根据需要处理 Slint 编译器调用,该编译器将解析 .slint
文件并生成 button_native.h
头文件。
此头文件包含一个 Recipe
类,其中包含每个可访问属性的 getter 和 setter,以及一个函数来为 Recipe
中的每个可访问回调设置回调。在这种情况下,我们将有 get_counter
、set_counter
来访问 counter
属性,以及 on_button_pressed
来设置回调。
使用属性绑定同步控件#
import { VerticalBox, Slider } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
slider := Slider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
此示例介绍了 Slider
小部件。
它还介绍了字符串文字中的插值:使用 \{...}
将花括号之间的代码的结果呈现为字符串。
动画示例#
动画元素的位置#
import { CheckBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
rect := Rectangle {
x:0;
y: 5px;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: blue;
animate x {
duration: 500ms;
easing: ease-in-out;
}
}
CheckBox {
y: 25px;
text: "Align rect to the right";
toggled => {
if (self.checked) {
rect.x = parent.width - rect.width;
} else {
rect.x = 0px;
}
}
}
}
布局自动定位元素。在此示例中,我们手动定位元素,使用 x
、y
、width
、height
属性。
请注意 animate x
块,该块指定动画。每当属性更改时运行它:因为回调设置属性,或者因为其绑定值发生更改。
动画序列#
import { CheckBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
rect := Rectangle {
x:0;
y: 5px;
width: 40px;
height: 40px;
background: blue;
animate x {
duration: 500ms;
easing: ease-in-out;
}
animate y {
duration: 250ms;
delay: 500ms;
easing: ease-in;
}
}
CheckBox {
y: 25px;
text: "Align rect bottom right";
toggled => {
if (self.checked) {
rect.x = parent.width - rect.width;
rect.y = parent.height - rect.height;
} else {
rect.x = 0px;
rect.y = 0px;
}
}
}
}
这个例子使用 delay
属性使一个动画在另一个动画之后运行。
状态示例#
将属性值与状态关联#
import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
component Circle inherits Rectangle {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
border-radius: root.width / 2;
animate x { duration: 250ms; easing: ease-in; }
animate y { duration: 250ms; easing: ease-in-out; }
animate background { duration: 250ms; }
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
states [
left-aligned when b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 0px; circle1.y: 40px; circle1.background: green;
circle2.x: 0px; circle2.y: 0px; circle2.background: blue;
}
right-aligned when b2.pressed: {
circle1.x: 170px; circle1.y: 70px; circle1.background: green;
circle2.x: 170px; circle2.y: 00px; circle2.background: blue;
}
]
VerticalBox {
HorizontalBox {
max-height: self.min-height;
b1 := Button {
text: "State 1";
}
b2 := Button {
text: "State 2";
}
}
Rectangle {
background: root.background.darker(20%);
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
circle1 := Circle { y:0; background: green; x: 85px; }
circle2 := Circle { background: green; x: 85px; y: 40px; }
}
}
}
翻译#
import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
component Circle inherits Rectangle {
width: 30px;
height: 30px;
border-radius: root.width / 2;
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
states [
left-aligned when b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 0px; circle1.y: 40px;
circle2.x: 0px; circle2.y: 0px;
in {
animate circle1.x, circle2.x { duration: 250ms; }
}
out {
animate circle1.x, circle2.x { duration: 500ms; }
}
}
right-aligned when !b1.pressed: {
circle1.x: 170px; circle1.y: 70px;
circle2.x: 170px; circle2.y: 00px;
}
]
VerticalBox {
HorizontalBox {
max-height: self.min-height;
b1 := Button {
text: "Press and hold to change state";
}
}
Rectangle {
background: root.background.darker(20%);
width: 250px;
height: 100px;
circle1 := Circle { y:0; background: green; x: 85px; }
circle2 := Circle { background: blue; x: 85px; y: 40px; }
}
}
}
布局示例#
垂直布局#
import { VerticalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
Button { text: "Third"; }
}
}
水平布局#
import { HorizontalBox, Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
HorizontalBox {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
Button { text: "Third"; }
}
}
网格#
import { GridBox, Button, Slider } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
GridBox {
Row {
Button { text: "First"; }
Button { text: "Second"; }
}
Row {
Button { text: "Third"; }
Button { text: "Fourth"; }
}
Row {
Slider {
colspan: 2;
}
}
}
}
全局回调#
从 Slint 调用全局注册的本机回调#
此示例使用全局单例在本机代码中实现通用逻辑。 此单例还可以存储本机代码可以访问的属性。
注意:预览仅可视化 Slint 代码。它未连接到本机代码。
import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
export global Logic {
pure callback to-upper-case(string) -> string;
// You can collect other global properties here
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
input := LineEdit {
text: "Text to be transformed";
}
HorizontalBox {
Text { text: "Transformed:"; }
// Callback invoked in binding expression
Text {
text: {
Logic.to-upper-case(input.text);
}
}
}
}
}
Rust 代码
在 Rust 中,您可以这样设置回调:slint::slint!{
import { HorizontalBox, VerticalBox, LineEdit } from "std-widgets.slint";
export global Logic {
pure callback to-upper-case(string) -> string;
// You can collect other global properties here
}
export Recipe := Window {
VerticalBox {
input := LineEdit {
text: "Text to be transformed";
}
HorizontalBox {
Text { text: "Transformed:"; }
// Callback invoked in binding expression
Text {
text: {
Logic.to-upper-case(input.text);
}
}
}
}
}
}
fn main() {
let recipe = Recipe::new().unwrap();
recipe.global::<Logic>().on_to_upper_case(|string| {
string.as_str().to_uppercase().into()
});
// ...
}
C++ 代码
在 C++ 中,您可以这样设置回调:int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
auto recipe = Recipe::create();
recipe->global<Logic>().on_to_upper_case([](slint::SharedString str) -> slint::SharedString {
std::string arg(str);
std::transform(arg.begin(), arg.end(), arg.begin(), toupper);
return slint::SharedString(arg);
});
// ...
}
自定义组件#
自定义按钮#
component Button inherits Rectangle {
in-out property text <=> txt.text;
callback clicked <=> touch.clicked;
border-radius: root.height / 2;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
background: touch.pressed ? #6b8282 : touch.has-hover ? #6c616c : #456;
height: txt.preferred-height * 1.33;
min-width: txt.preferred-width + 20px;
txt := Text {
x: (parent.width - self.width)/2 + (touch.pressed ? 2px : 0);
y: (parent.height - self.height)/2 + (touch.pressed ? 1px : 0);
color: touch.pressed ? #fff : #eee;
}
touch := TouchArea { }
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalLayout {
alignment: start;
Button { text: "Button"; }
}
}
开关按钮#
export component ToggleSwitch inherits Rectangle {
callback toggled;
in-out property <string> text;
in-out property <bool> checked;
in-out property<bool> enabled <=> touch-area.enabled;
height: 20px;
horizontal-stretch: 0;
vertical-stretch: 0;
HorizontalLayout {
spacing: 8px;
indicator := Rectangle {
width: 40px;
border-width: 1px;
border-radius: root.height / 2;
border-color: self.background.darker(25%);
background: root.enabled ? (root.checked ? blue: white) : white;
animate background { duration: 100ms; }
bubble := Rectangle {
width: root.height - 8px;
height: bubble.width;
border-radius: bubble.height / 2;
y: 4px;
x: 4px + self.a * (indicator.width - bubble.width - 8px);
property <float> a: root.checked ? 1 : 0;
background: root.checked ? white : (root.enabled ? blue : gray);
animate a, background { duration: 200ms; easing: ease;}
}
}
Text {
min-width: max(100px, self.preferred-width);
text: root.text;
vertical-alignment: center;
color: root.enabled ? black : gray;
}
}
touch-area := TouchArea {
width: root.width;
height: root.height;
clicked => {
if (root.enabled) {
root.checked = !root.checked;
root.toggled();
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalLayout {
alignment: start;
ToggleSwitch { text: "Toggle me"; }
ToggleSwitch { text: "Disabled"; enabled: false; }
}
}
自定义滑块#
TouchArea
覆盖整个小部件,因此您可以从其中的任何点拖动此滑块。
import { VerticalBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component MySlider inherits Rectangle {
in-out property<float> maximum: 100;
in-out property<float> minimum: 0;
in-out property<float> value;
min-height: 24px;
min-width: 100px;
horizontal-stretch: 1;
vertical-stretch: 0;
border-radius: root.height/2;
background: touch.pressed ? #eee: #ddd;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
handle := Rectangle {
width: self.height;
height: parent.height;
border-width: 3px;
border-radius: self.height / 2;
background: touch.pressed ? #f8f: touch.has-hover ? #66f : #0000ff;
border-color: self.background.darker(15%);
x: (root.width - handle.width) * (root.value - root.minimum)/(root.maximum - root.minimum);
}
touch := TouchArea {
property <float> pressed-value;
pointer-event(event) => {
if (event.button == PointerEventButton.left && event.kind == PointerEventKind.down) {
self.pressed-value = root.value;
}
}
moved => {
if (self.enabled && self.pressed) {
root.value = max(root.minimum, min(root.maximum,
self.pressed-value + (touch.mouse-x - touch.pressed-x) * (root.maximum - root.minimum) / (root.width - handle.width)));
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
alignment: start;
slider := MySlider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
这个例子显示了另一种实现,它具有可拖动的手柄: 只有在我们点击该手柄时,该手柄才会移动。 TouchArea 在手柄内部,并随手柄一起移动。
import { VerticalBox } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component MySlider inherits Rectangle {
in-out property<float> maximum: 100;
in-out property<float> minimum: 0;
in-out property<float> value;
min-height: 24px;
min-width: 100px;
horizontal-stretch: 1;
vertical-stretch: 0;
border-radius: root.height/2;
background: touch.pressed ? #eee: #ddd;
border-width: 1px;
border-color: root.background.darker(25%);
handle := Rectangle {
width: self.height;
height: parent.height;
border-width: 3px;
border-radius: self.height / 2;
background: touch.pressed ? #f8f: touch.has-hover ? #66f : #0000ff;
border-color: self.background.darker(15%);
x: (root.width - handle.width) * (root.value - root.minimum)/(root.maximum - root.minimum);
touch := TouchArea {
moved => {
if (self.enabled && self.pressed) {
root.value = max(root.minimum, min(root.maximum,
root.value + (self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x) * (root.maximum - root.minimum) / root.width));
}
}
}
}
}
export component Recipe inherits Window {
VerticalBox {
alignment: start;
slider := MySlider {
maximum: 100;
}
Text {
text: "Value: \{round(slider.value)}";
}
}
}
自定义标签栏#
使用这个示例作为基础,当您想要创建自己的自定义标签栏小部件时。
import { Button } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component Recipe inherits Window {
preferred-height: 200px;
in-out property <int> active-tab;
VerticalLayout {
tab_bar := HorizontalLayout {
spacing: 3px;
Button {
text: "Red";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 0; }
}
Button {
text: "Blue";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 1; }
}
Button {
text: "Green";
clicked => { root.active-tab = 2; }
}
}
Rectangle {
clip: true;
Rectangle {
background: red;
x: root.active-tab == 0 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 0 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
Rectangle {
background: blue;
x: root.active-tab == 1 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 1 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
Rectangle {
background: green;
x: root.active-tab == 2 ? 0 : root.active-tab < 2 ? - self.width - 1px : parent.width + 1px;
animate x { duration: 125ms; easing: ease; }
}
}
}
}
自定义表格视图#
Slint 提供了一个表格小部件,但是您也可以基于 ListView
做一些自定义。
import { VerticalBox, ListView } from "std-widgets.slint";
component TableView inherits Rectangle {
in property <[string]> columns;
in property <[[string]]> values;
private property <length> e: self.width / root.columns.length;
private property <[length]> column_sizes: [
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e, root.e,
];
VerticalBox {
padding: 5px;
HorizontalLayout {
padding: 5px; spacing: 5px;
vertical-stretch: 0;
for title[idx] in root.columns : HorizontalLayout {
width: root.column_sizes[idx];
Text { overflow: elide; text: title; }
Rectangle {
width: 1px;
background: gray;
TouchArea {
width: 10px;
x: (parent.width - self.width) / 2;
property <length> cached;
pointer-event(event) => {
if (event.button == PointerEventButton.left && event.kind == PointerEventKind.down) {
self.cached = root.column_sizes[idx];
}
}
moved => {
if (self.pressed) {
root.column_sizes[idx] += (self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x);
if (root.column_sizes[idx] < 0) {
root.column_sizes[idx] = 0;
}
}
}
mouse-cursor: ew-resize;
}
}
}
}
ListView {
for r in root.values : HorizontalLayout {
padding: 5px;
spacing: 5px;
for t[idx] in r : HorizontalLayout {
width: root.column_sizes[idx];
Text { overflow: elide; text: t; }
}
}
}
}
}
export component Example inherits Window {
TableView {
columns: ["Device", "Mount Point", "Total", "Free"];
values: [
["/dev/sda1", "/", "255GB", "82.2GB"] ,
["/dev/sda2", "/tmp", "60.5GB", "44.5GB"] ,
["/dev/sdb1", "/home", "255GB", "32.2GB"] ,
];
}
}
响应式用户界面断点#
使用此示例实现响应式 SideBar,当父宽度小于给定的断点时,它会折叠。单击按钮时,SideBar 再次展开。使用蓝色分隔符调整容器的大小并测试响应式行为。
import { Button, StyleMetrics } from "std-widgets.slint";
export component SideBar inherits Rectangle {
private property <bool> collapsed: root.reference-width < root.break-point;
/// Defines the reference width to check `break-point`.
in-out property <length> reference-width;
/// If `reference-width` is less `break-point` the `SideBar` collapses.
in-out property <length> break-point: 600px;
/// Set the text of the expand button.
in-out property <string> expand-button-text;
width: 160px;
container := Rectangle {
private property <bool> expaned;
width: parent.width;
background: StyleMetrics.window-background.darker(0.2);
VerticalLayout {
padding: 2px;
alignment: start;
HorizontalLayout {
alignment: start;
if (root.collapsed) : Button {
checked: container.expaned;
text: root.expand-button-text;
clicked => {
container.expaned = !container.expaned;
}
}
}
@children
}
states [
expaned when container.expaned && root.collapsed : {
width: 160px;
in {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
out {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
in {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
out {
animate width { duration: 200ms; }
}
}
]
}
states [
collapsed when root.collapsed : {
width: 62px;
}
]
}
component Splitter inherits TouchArea {
width: 4px;
mouse-cursor: ew-resize;
Rectangle {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background: blue;
}
}
export component SideBarTest inherits Window {
preferred-width: 700px;
min-height: 400px;
background: gray;
GridLayout {
x: 0;
width: splitter.x;
Rectangle {
height: 100%;
col: 1;
background: white;
HorizontalLayout {
padding: 8px;
Text {
color: black;
text: "Content";
}
}
}
SideBar {
col: 0;
reference-width: parent.width;
expand-button-text: "E";
}
}
splitter := Splitter {
x: root.width - self.width;
height: 100%;
moved => {
self.x = min(root.width - self.width, max(400px, self.x + self.mouse-x - self.pressed-x));
}
}
}